Contradictions, inconsistencies, reused data and corroborations detected by comparing documents with each other (no external data).
X1 contradiction moderate Did pandemic STRs return to the residential market?
Gil (2023) states that during the pandemic 'STRs did not return to the residential market (Gil et al., 2023)' and uses this to argue for housing-policy (not tourism-policy) responses. Gil, Vidal & Yrigoy (2026) cite the same source for STR units being 'temporarily redirected to residential or mid-term segments'. Sequera et al. (2022) document central Madrid long-term listings rising from 1,300 to 4,600 and back to 1,900, and Gil (2021) reported hosts 'directly ending the business and renting in the residential market'. The evidence supports a temporary switch, largely under seasonal contracts; the 2023 paper's unqualified statement understates it.
Implication: The policy argument in Gil (2023) should be qualified: switching occurred but was temporary and often outside long-term residential contracts.
Gil (2023)Gil et al. (2026d)Sequera et al. (2022)Gil (2021)
X2 numeric inconsistency minor Scale of evictions after 2008
Martínez & Gil (2021, films) report 'on average 80,000 evictions per year between 2009 and 2015' (≈560,000), while Gil & Martínez (2021, state-led) report 409,000 evictions for 2009-2018. The films paper's own footnote gives repossessions of 40,740 (2011) and 64,902 (2015), ~80% homes.
Implication: Background figures need harmonised definitions (foreclosures vs evictions vs repossessions).
Martínez & Gil (2021)Gil & Martínez (2021)
X3 error propagation minor Tenant poverty rate carried over from an earlier analysis
Vidal, Gil & Martínez (2024) report 36.3% of tenants at risk of poverty (LCS 2021). Gil, Vidal & Martínez (2025) switch to LCS 2023 and report 30.16% in the results but 36.28% in the conclusions — matching the earlier paper.
Implication: Signals copy-forward of text between papers; direction of findings unaffected.
Vidal et al. (2024)Gil et al. (2025)
X4 data reuse moderate Same Valencia 2019 scrape, undisclosed change of rent-gap method
Gil (2021) and Gil (2023) analyse the identical 31 July 2019 InsideAirbnb Valencia dataset. Errors propagate (7,654 − 451 − 46 ≠ 7,203; single-host share 71.91% instead of 71.66%). The rent-gap formula changes (availability-based vs occupancy with 15% commission) giving €500-1,200 vs €497-958 per month, without acknowledgement; the 'not habitual residence' threshold shifts from 90/182 days to 60 days.
Implication: Readers cannot tell which estimate is preferred; magnitudes are assumption-driven.
Gil (2021)Gil (2023)
X5 method drift moderate Shifting thresholds for 'commercial' / 'non-residential' listings
Availability >182 days defines commercial listings in Gil (2021) and Gil & Sequera (2020); Gil (2021) also uses >90 days to argue non-residence; Gil (2023) uses >60 days to estimate homes 'extracted from the rental market' and displacement.
Implication: Lower thresholds mechanically raise displacement estimates; sensitivity analysis is never reported.
Gil (2021)Gil & Sequera (2020)Gil (2023)
X6 definition drift major What counts as property and as an owner across the ministry series
Report 2 counts any real-estate unit (garages, shops, offices) as 'inmuebles' and defines 'propietario' excluding owner-occupying landlords (so 63.9% is not owner-occupation). Report 3 of the same series restricts wealth and landlord status to dwellings, and its age-specific 2022 ownership rates (31.8%-84%) imply overall owner-occupation around 72-75%. Report 1 counts cadastral references (possibly including non-dwelling units).
Implication: Headline figures of Report 2 (owner decline to 63.9%, multi-owner majority) are not comparable with Reports 1 and 3 and overstate housing concentration.
Gil et al. (2026a)Gil et al. (2026c)Gil et al. (2026b)
X7 corroboration positive Landlord prevalence converges at ~9-10% of households
LCS 9.32% / 9% (2021), EFF 9.87% / 9.79% (2022), IRPF 9.04% / 9.3% all agree; CIS gives 3.2-3.9% (narrower question). EFF 2020 at 7% (Delclós et al.) is the outlier.
Implication: One of the most robust findings of the corpus.
Vidal et al. (2024)Gil et al. (2025)Gil et al. (2026b)Gil et al. (2026a)
X8 corroboration positive Landlords' income advantage is consistent across sources and years
Median incomes: LCS 2021 landlords €40,293 vs tenants €18,457; LCS 2023 €45,977 vs €22,851; EFF 2022 single landlords €50,959, multi-landlords €80,375, tenants €21,335. Ratios of ~2x (LCS) and 2.4-3.8x (EFF) are consistent with definitional differences.
Implication: The refutation of the 'vulnerable landlord' figure is robust.
Vidal et al. (2024)Gil et al. (2025)Gil et al. (2026c)
X9 corroboration positive Multi-landlord share of dwellings: Barcelona vs Spain
Barcelona deposit-register data (OMHB) give 60.3% of privately let dwellings owned by multi-property landlords; the IRPF panel gives 60.8% for Barcelona-resident landlords and 52.8% nationally. Gil, Vidal & Martínez (2025) had extrapolated the Barcelona figure to 'the majority of Spain's rental units' before national data existed; Report 1 later supports a (narrower) national majority.
Implication: Independent sources converge; note the 2025 paper's separate error of saying most landlords (not dwellings) are multi-property.
Gil et al. (2025)Gil et al. (2026b)
X10 citation chain moderate The 'policy package' causal claim becomes a premise
Gil & Martínez (2021) attribute the 2014-2020 boom to the 2013 SOCIMI/LAU/privatization package, post hoc. Later papers state as settled that 'the reforms achieved their objective' (Gil & Palomera 2024), that the package 'contributed to generating expectations of profitability' (Vidal et al. 2024), and build periodisations on it (Martínez & Gil 2022; Gil 2023). The 2025 special-issue introduction instead foregrounds QE, low rates and Basel III as drivers of GCL expansion.
Implication: A contested interpretation gains apparent robustness through self-citation; the programme's own later synthesis implicitly weakens it.
Gil & Martínez (2021)Gil & Palomera (2024)Vidal et al. (2024)Martínez & Gil (2022)Gil (2023)Vidal et al. (2025)
X11 numeric inconsistency minor Madrid social-housing sale prices vs construction cost
Martínez & Gil (2022) say the ~5,000 units were sold 'below market prices, and even below construction costs'. The IVIMA table in Gil & Martínez (2021) shows the 2,935-unit sale exceeded construction cost by ≈€17.7m overall (below cost in only 3 of 11 municipalities), and its totals row is mis-summed. Minor discrepancies: 1,860 vs 1,861 units; rents '+40%' vs '+50%'.
Implication: Below-market pricing rests on court findings, not on the cost table.
Martínez & Gil (2022)Gil & Martínez (2021)
X12 corroboration positive Later data temper earlier demand-side claim
Sequera et al. (2022) asserted that STR continuity rested on a demand shift to digital nomads, students and expats. Gil, Vidal & Yrigoy (2026), with Idealista search data, find foreign demand is not a significant driver in multivariate models (an 'enabler'), while confirming the seasonal-contract mechanism.
Implication: Shows the programme updating claims with better data.
Sequera et al. (2022)Gil et al. (2026d)
X13 data reuse minor Overlapping interview material across movement papers
The same Madrid activist testimony about Bankia's PowerPoint negotiation protocols appears in Martínez & Gil (2022, coded E40, 2015) and in Gutiérrez-Cueli et al. (2023).
Implication: Interview pools overlap; independent corroboration across these papers is weaker than it appears.
Martínez & Gil (2022)Gutiérrez-Cueli et al. (2023)
X14 definition drift minor Homeownership baselines differ
87% in 2007 (Gutiérrez-Cueli et al., citing López & Rodríguez), ~80% (films paper), 79% 'propietarios' in 2008 (Report 2, excluding landlords), 66.5-69.3% for under-35s (Report 3).
Implication: Background framing figures are not harmonised across the programme.
Gutiérrez-Cueli et al. (2023)Martínez & Gil (2021)Gil et al. (2026a)Gil et al. (2026c)